ABSTRACT
RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN : En contextos de pandemia, los trabajadores de la salud son especialmente vulnerables a los problemas de salud mental y a patologías graves. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron explorar y describir los niveles de ansiedad y depresión en el personal de enfermería que atiende pacientes con COVID-19 en unidades de terapia intensiva, y describir los indicadores de estrés en relación con su actividad laboral. MÉTODO : Estudio descriptivo y transversal. Muestra intencional de 52 enfermeros y enfermeras que trabajan en unidades de terapia intensiva para pacientes con COVID-19 en la Ciudad de Mendoza. Se aplicaron cuestionarios validados para evaluar la ansiedad, la depresión y el estrés percibido. RESULTADOS : Se observaron niveles elevados de ansiedad en el 72,1% de la muestra, y depresión en el 13,5%. Los indicadores más elevados de estrés fueron: sentirse desanimado y cansado (80,8%), agotado mentalmente (76,9%), no sentir energía (73,1%) y sentir muchas preocupaciones (75%). Los indicadores favorables fueron: 76,9% no se siente obligado a hacer sus tareas; y 55,8% siente que realmente disfruta de su quehacer. DISCUSIÓN : Se observaron niveles elevados de ansiedad y depresión, y se identificaron indicadores de estrés relacionados con la tensión, el agotamiento físico-emocional y la sobrecarga laboral; se encontraron indicadores relacionados a factores protectores dentro del ámbito laboral. Se analizan los datos preliminares sobre el malestar emocional del personal de enfermería en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19.
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION . In pandemic contexts, health workers are especially vulnerable to mental health problems and risky pathologies. Objectives of the study: I) to explore and describe levels of anxiety and depression in intensive care unit nurses who work with COVID-19 patients and 2) to describe indicators of stress in relation to their work activity. METHOD : Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Intentional sample of 52 nurses, of both sexes, who work in intensive care units COVID-19, Mendoza. Validated questionnaires were applied to assess anxiety, depression and perceived stress. RESULTS : high levels of anxiety in 72.1% of the sample and 13.5% of depression; Higher indicators of stress: feeling discouraged and tired (80.8%), mentally exhausted (76.9%), not feeling energy (73.1%), feeling very worried (75%); as favorable indicators: 76.9% do not feel that they do things out of obligation, 55.8% feel that they are doing things that they really like. DISCUSSION : High levels of anxiety and depression were observed and indicators of stress related to tension and physical-emotional exhaustion and work overload were identified; Indicators related to protective factors were found within the workplace. Preliminary data is discussed on the emotional distress of male and female nurses in times of pandemic by COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Se investigó el desarrollo psicomotor temprano y si existían diferencias significativas en las diversas áreas de este desarrollo según la funcionalidad familiar (cohesión y adaptabilidad familiar) desde la percepción materna. Se trabajó con un diseño no experimental de alcance descriptivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 32 diadas madre- hijo de entre 12 y 27 meses de edad. Se administró el Instrumento de Observación del Desarrollo Infantil (IODI), la Prueba Nacional de Pesquisa (PRUNAPE) y FACES III. Se encontraron diversas diferencias significativas entre tipo de cohesión-adaptabilidad familiar y áreas de la PRUNAPE (p<.05) y del IODI (p<.05). Se observó un desarrollo infantil temprano más favorable en las áreas personal social, lenguaje y socioemocional, en aquellas familias conectadas y flexibles.
Abstract The early psychomotor development was investigated and whether there were significant differences in the various areas of this development according to the maternal perception of family functionality (family cohesion and adaptability). A non-experimental descriptive design was carried out. The sample was comprised of 32 mothers with their children between 12 and 27 months old. Data was collected regarding The Child Development Observation Instrument (IODI), The National Research Test (PRUNAPE) and FACES III. Significant differences between cohesion and adaptability types and areas of development from PRUNAPE (p <.05) and IODI (p <.05) were observed. A more favorable early childhood psychomotor development was observed in the personal social area, as well as in A more favorable early the language and socioemotional area, in those families connected and flexible.
Subject(s)
Perception , Psychomotor Performance , Child Development , Compliance , Observation , Research , Family , Language , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre el desarrollo de los niños y niñas bajo cuidados alternativos institucionales y de familias de acogida temporal. Se realizó en diversas bases de datos científicas: Science Direct, SciELO, Redalyc, PubMed, DialNet y Google Académico, utilizando las siguientes palabras claves: "desarrollo infantil", "familias de acogida temporal", "institucionalización", "child development", "temporary family foster care", "residential care". Fueron seleccionados 58 artículos, publicados en revistas científicas de los últimos 17 años (período 2000-2017). Se incluye una síntesis de sus resultados organizando a la misma en dos apartados: en el primero se hace referencia a las condiciones de vida en el ámbito institucional y al desarrollo infantil en dichas condiciones, y en el segundo, a los programas de familia de acogida temporal y al desarrollo tras la inclusión en estos programas. Se destacan los aspectos que restan profundizar.
Abstract In different parts of the world, family is considered the main responsible for ensuring children the full enjoyment of their rights; also, family is recognized as the central core for children's development. Even so, in exceptional situations, children need to be separated from their biological family. In those cases, alternative care is required. This study investigates two different types of alternative care: institutional care and family foster care. The aim of this paper is to review the existing literature on child development of children in those types of alternative care. The review was done through different scientific data base: Science Direct, SciELO, Redalyc, PubMed, DialNet y Academic Google, and using the following key words: "desarrollo infantile", "familias de acogida temporal", "institucionalización", "child development", "temporary family foster care", "residential care". With reference to the studies about temporary family foster care, the ones considered were those that made reference to family systems that took temporary care of a child until their judicial situation was solved. These were external families that have no bonds with the child. Those studies in which the families were pre-adoptive ones were not considered. Fifty-eight articles, published in the last seventeen years (from 2000 to 2017), were chosen. From this total, nineteen correspond to systematic revisions, four are reports from children organizations, while the remaining thirty-five correspond to empiric studies. The results of this paper are organized in two different sections: the first one makes reference to the conditions of life at an institution and the child development under these conditions, whereas the second one makes reference to temporary family foster care programs and the child development after the inclusion in these programs. As regards the first section, it is concluded that the institutional care shows the lack of an exclusive and stable affect figure, being the children exposed to unstable rotating caregivers with consistent bond disruption. These caregivers are described as unavailable to the children with minimal emotional and physical contact. Furthermore, the caregivers show lack of empathy and little responsiveness to child's individual needs resulting in chronic emotional deprivation. At the same time, the above mentioned is closely related to the delays or difficulties that the development of these institutionalized children show in different areas: cognitive, intellectual, academic, socio-affective, emotional, physical-motor, cerebral and neurological. In the second section of the paper, the results of the studies on children development in temporary family foster care are described and the countries where evidence on these programs was found are presented. They show that there are significant and beneficial physical, emotional, socio-affective, behavioral, cognitive and intellectual changes in the development of institutionalized children after they enter temporary family foster care. Moreover, the development of children living in alternative care differs significantly from the one of those living with family foster care. The results also specify the characteristics that a temporary family foster care must have in order to facilitate the child's development. It is concluded that children in institutional care show delays and maladaptation in various domains of development. Besides, the longer the child is institutionalized, the more his behavior is affected. The authors believe that these institutions are not the right places to raise children during a long period of time and they propose the need to prioritize temporary family foster care. The results underline the importance of family foster care programs as an alternative that could improve children´s development. Nevertheless, institutional care is still the predominant alternative worldwide for children without parental care. Finally, this systematic review aims to be a starting point for future research. The aspects that need to be deepen are highlighted.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo. Este estudio mide el grado de bienestar psicológico (BP), su relación con rasgos de personalidad y los objetivos de vida (OV) de estudiantes de psicología, ya que investigaciones indican que la categoría de personalidad y OV de las personas están relacionadas con la autopercepción del BP. Este estudio se abordó desde la teoría de T. Millón, siendo su objetivo establecer la relación existente entre dimensiones de bienestar psicológico y estilos de personalidad en estudiantes universitarios, así como analizar sus objetivos de vida. Método. Se empleó un diseño transversal con metodología descriptiva y correlacional. Para ello, se administró la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adultos [ Bieps-A] (Casullo, 2002), Escala de Little (1983, adaptación local) e Inventario Millón de Estilos de Personalidad [ MIPS] (Adaptación Casullo y Castro-Solano, 1997) a una muestra de 366 estudiantes de la carrera de Psicología, de ambos sexos, con una edad promedio de 21 años. Los resultados fueron analizados con base en cuatro dimensiones del BP: aceptación/control, autonomía, vínculos y proyectos. Concretamente, se estudió la correlación entre las dimensiones de BP con las tres áreas de los rasgos de personalidad: metas motivacionales, modos cognitivos y conductas interpersonales. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos de los OV y análisis de correspondencias múltiples para los demás datos recogidos. Resultados. Se presentaron correlaciones positivas y negativas entre rasgos de personalidad y dimensiones de BP. Se describen OV relevantes. Conclusión. Se apoya la hipótesis de asociación del bienestar psicológico con estilos de personalidad.
Objective. This study measures the degree of psychological well-being (PW), its relation with personality traits and the aims of life (AL) of Psychology students. One of the main factors that contributes to the PW is personality. Investigations show that people's AL are closely connected with the self perception of the PW. This study will be approached from T. Millón's theory and its general aim is to establish the existing relation between subjective well-being and personality styles in university students, and to analyze their Life objectives. Method. Transversal design with descriptive and correlational methodology. The Scale of Psychological Well-being for Adults [ Bieps - A] (Casullo, 2002), Scale of Little's (1983, local adjustment) and Millón's Inventory of Personality Styles [ MIPS] (Adjustment Casullo & Castro-Solano, 1997) were administered to a sample of 366 psychology students, both sexes, with an average age of 21 years, SD 3,90 (range 19-46 years old). The results are analyzed on the basis of four dimensions of the PW: acceptance / control, autonomy, bonds and projects. The correlation with personality styles is studied in its 3 areas: Motivating Styles, Thinking Styles, Behaving Styles. A multivaried exploratory analysis (analysis of multiple correspondences) is carried out. Life objectives are descriptively analyzed. Results. Positive and negative correlations between some personality styles and PW's dimensions were presented. Relevant aims of life are described. Conclusions. the hypothesis of the association of PW with the personality styles is supported.
Escopo. Este estudo mede o grau de bem-estar psicológico (BP), sua relação com rasgos de personalidade e objetivos de vida (OV) de estudantes de Psicologia, já que pesquisas indicam que a categoria de personalidade e OV das pessoas está relacionada com a auto percepção do BP. Este estudo foi abordado desde a teoria de T. Millón, sendo seu escopo estabelecer a relação existente entre dimensões de bem-estar psicológico e estilos de personalidade em estudantes universitários, assim como analisar seus objetivos de vida. Metodologia. Foi usado um desenho transversal com metodologia descritiva e co-relacional. Para isto, foi administrada a Escala de Bem-estar Psicológico para Adultos [ Bieps-A] (Casullo, 2002), Escala de Little (1983, Adaptação local) e Inventário Millón de Estilos de Personalidade [ MIPS] (Adaptação Casullo e Castro-Solano, 1997) a uma amostra de 366 estudantes da carreira de Psicologia, de ambos sexos com uma idade média de 21 anos. Os resultados foram analisados com base em quatro dimensões do BP: aceitação/controle, autonomia, vínculos e projetos. Em concreto, foi estudada a correlação entre as dimensões de BP com as três áreas dos rasgos de personalidade: Metas motivacionais, Modos cognitivos e Condutas interpessoais. Foram realizadas análises descritivos dos OV e análises de correspondências múltiplas para os outros dados coletados. Resultados. Houve correlações positivas e negativas entre rasgos de personalidade e dimensões de BP. Foram descritos OV relevantes. Conclusão. É apoiada a hipóteses de associação do bem-estar psicológico com estilos de personalidade.